Uniaxial gems possess two rays—the ordinary (o) and extraordinary (e) rays—and two RI values—omega (ω) and epsilon (ε), respectively. The o-ray always vibrates perpendicular to the c-axis, while the e ...
Gemstone investing has gained popularity over the years as investors seek alternative assets that offer both stability and long-term value. Unlike stocks and bonds, gemstones are tangible, beautiful ...