Germinal center - Wikipedia
网页Germinal centers or germinal centres (GCs) are transiently formed structures within B cell zone (follicles) in secondary lymphoid organs – lymph nodes, ileal Peyer's patches, and the spleen [1] – where mature B cells are activated, proliferate, differentiate, and mutate their antibody genes (through somatic hypermutation aimed at achieving higher affinity) during …
Germinal Centers - PubMed
网页2022年4月26日 · Germinal centers (GCs) are microanatomical sites of B cell clonal expansion and antibody affinity maturation. Therein, B cells undergo the Darwinian process of somatic diversification and affinity-driven selection of immunoglobulins that produces the high-affinity antibodies essential for effective humoral immunity.
Dynamics of B cells in germinal centres - Nature
网页2015年2月6日 · The germinal centre (GC) reaction is a highly complex and regulated process. As described in this Review, recent studies have revealed dynamic cellular states in the GC, the requirements for ...
Germinal centres: role in B-cell physiology and malignancy
网页Germinal centres are the main source of memory B cells and plasma cells that produce high-affinity antibodies in the body. In this Review, Ulf Klein and Riccardo Dalla-Favera describe the ...
The Biology of the Germinal Center - American Society of …
网页2007年1月1日 · In the absence of T cells, large germinal centers are formed but undergo dramatic spontaneous regression, indicating that T-cell costimulation is essential for the maintenance and ongoing development of B-cell secondary follicles. 22, 23 Similarly, although germinal-center formation is unaffected by the presence of FDC networks, 24 …
The germinal center antibody response in health and disease
网页2016年5月25日 · The germinal center response is the delayed but sustained phase of the antibody response that is responsible for producing high-affinity antibodies of the IgG, IgA and/or IgE isotypes. B cells in the germinal center undergo re-iterative cycles of somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin gene variable regions, clonal expansion, and Darwinian ...
Germinal Centers - Annual Reviews
网页Germinal centers (GCs) are microanatomical sites of B cell clonal expansion and antibody affinity maturation. Therein, B cells undergo the Darwinian process of somatic diversification and affinity-driven selection of immunoglobulins that produces the high-affinity antibodies essential for effective humoral immunity. Here, we review recent developments in the …
Germinal Center Organization and Cellular Dynamics - PMC
网页Summary. Germinal centers (GCs) are important sites of antibody affinity maturation that are induced during immune responses. They are organized into two major zones: dark and light zones. In the classical model, the dark zone contains large centroblasts that are rapidly proliferating and undergoing somatic mutation of their antibody variable ...
The chilling origin of germinal centers | Science Immunology
网页2023年12月1日 · The mammalian immune system is known for its capacity to mount rapid and antigen-specific responses of a durable nature. Within the humoral arm of adaptive immunity, germinal centers (GCs) play a special role. After infection or immunization, GCs develop within B cell follicles of the mammalian spleen and lymph nodes to provide a …
CXCL13 is a plasma biomarker of germinal center activity
网页2016年3月8日 · Germinal centers (GCs) perform the remarkable task of optimizing B-cell Ab responses. GCs are required for almost all B-cell receptor affinity maturation and will be a critical parameter to monitor if HIV bnAbs are to be induced by vaccination. However, lymphoid tissue is rarely available from immunized humans, making the monitoring of GC ...